Cats are smaller than most dogs and more sensitive to certain toxins. Their unique liver metabolism means some foods harmless to dogs are dangerous to cats. Here's what to know.
Life-Threatening
Onions, Garlic, Chives, Leeks
Even more toxic to cats than dogs. Cause hemolytic anemia (destroys red blood cells). Even small amounts dangerous. Watch baby food (often contains onion powder), human broths, sauces.
Lilies (All Parts)
Not technically food but worth mentioning — true lilies (Easter, Tiger, Day, Asiatic) cause acute kidney failure in cats. Even pollen or water from the vase is toxic. Any exposure warrants emergency vet visit.
Chocolate
Cats rarely eat chocolate voluntarily (no sweet taste receptors), but if forced/accidentally consumed, theobromine is toxic. Same toxicity hierarchy as dogs.
Caffeine
Coffee, tea, energy drinks. Same mechanism as chocolate. Cats more sensitive due to smaller size.
Alcohol
Highly toxic even in tiny amounts. Don't let cats lick alcoholic drinks.
Xylitol
Toxicity in cats is debated but evidence growing. Best avoided entirely.
Grapes and Raisins
Similar kidney concerns as dogs, though less documented in cats.
Cat-Specific Concerns
Raw Fish
Contains thiaminase, which destroys vitamin B1 (thiamine). Long-term raw fish feeding causes thiamine deficiency leading to neurological problems. Occasional cooked fish is fine; raw fish should be avoided.
Raw Eggs
Salmonella risk plus avidin (binds biotin). Cooked eggs occasionally are safe.
Dog Food
Not toxic per single meal but dangerous as primary diet — lacks taurine, arachidonic acid, and pre-formed vitamin A. See our dog vs cat food article.
Tuna (Human Canned)
Not toxic per se, but human-grade tuna causes nutritional imbalances if fed regularly. Mercury accumulation is a concern. Occasional small amounts of cat-formulated tuna is fine.
Milk and Dairy
Despite cultural imagery of cats drinking milk, most adult cats are lactose intolerant. Causes GI upset.
Liver (Excessive)
Small amounts of liver are nutritious. Large amounts cause vitamin A toxicity, leading to bone problems.
Other Dangerous Foods
- Bones: Especially cooked bones — splinter, cause obstruction
- Fat trimmings: Pancreatitis risk
- Macadamia nuts
- Raw bread dough: Yeast fermentation
- Avocado: Similar concerns as dogs
- Salt (excessive)
- Citrus oils
Generally Safe in Small Amounts
- Cooked chicken (plain, no bones/seasoning)
- Cooked turkey
- Cooked fish (deboned)
- Cooked egg
- Small amounts of plain cooked rice
- Cantaloupe
- Blueberries
- Carrots (cooked)
What to Do If Your Cat Ate Something Toxic
- Call your vet or ASPCA Poison Control: 888-426-4435
- Have info ready: cat's weight, what eaten, how much, when
- Don't induce vomiting unless instructed
- Bring packaging if commercial product
FAQ
My cat licked some food with garlic in it — should I be worried?
Small one-time exposure is usually not a crisis but call your vet for guidance. Cumulative garlic exposure is more concerning than single instances.
Are essential oils safe near cats?
Many are toxic to cats — especially tea tree, eucalyptus, citrus, peppermint, pine. Be careful with diffusers in homes with cats.
The Bottom Line
Cats are particularly sensitive. Keep human food off counters, table scraps to a minimum, and dangerous plants out of the house. Save the ASPCA Poison Control number (888-426-4435).